Biodiversity of Fish Inhabit Aquatic Ecosystem in Senepis Peat Forest, Riau, Indonesia
Keywords:
Aquatic Biodiversity , Peat Swamp Forest, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, BenthosAbstract
The Senepis Peat Forest in Riau, Indonesia, represents a unique and sensitive aquatic ecosystem that supports a diverse range of freshwater biodiversity. This study aims to assess the structure and abundance of aquatic organisms, particularly focusing on the biodiversity of fish and supporting biotic components such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos across four monitoring stations (P1, P2, P3, and P4). Phytoplankton abundance showed the highest mean at Station P1 (57,405.56 ind/m³), indicating high primary productivity, but also displayed considerable variability (SD: 206,330.71), likely due to environmental fluctuations. Zooplankton abundance positively correlated with phytoplankton, particularly at P1, suggesting a close trophic relationship between primary producers and primary consumers. In contrast, benthic organisms exhibited the highest abundance at P2 (mean: 58.34 ind/m²; max: 319 ind/m²), implying a habitat-specific adaptation possibly related to substrate type and oxygen levels. The diversity and distribution patterns of fish and aquatic biota in Senepis reflect the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors shaping community structures in peatland aquatic systems. The findings emphasize the ecological importance of Senepis as a habitat for aquatic biodiversity and highlight the need for continuous environmental monitoring and integrated conservation strategies.
References
[1] S. Agususilo, "Kelimpahan Larva Anadara spp. (Bivalvia: Arcidae) di Perairan Bojonegara, Teluk Banten, Banten," Disertasi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 2010.
[2] D. R. Amalia, "Rekruitmen Populasi Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Perairan Pesisir Banten," IPB, Bogor, 2010.
[3] Bening dan Purnomo, "Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Bivalvia di Pantai Barung Toraja Sumenep, Madura," LenteraBio, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 249–254, 2019.
[4] M. J. Broom, The Biology and Culture of Marine Bivalve Mollusks of the Genus Anadara, ICLARM, Filipina, 1985, p. 44.
[5] B. B. Cael, S. Dutkiewicz, and S. A. Henson, "Abrupt Shifts In Marine Plankton Ecosystems: Global Patterns And Relationships With Climate Variability," Global Change Biology, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1922–1936, 2021.
[6] A. Calbet and M. R. Landry, "Phytoplankton Growth, Microzooplankton Grazing, And Carbon Cycling In Marine Systems," Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2020.
[7] J. E. Cloern, A. D. Jassby, and T. S. Schraga, "Profiles Of Phytoplankton Production In San Francisco Bay, California: A Half-Century Of Observations," Environmental Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2020.
[8] L. De Meester et al., "Analysing Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics—The Challenging Complexity Of The Real World," Functional Ecology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 43–59, 2019.
[9] R. G. Dolorosa and F. Dangan-Galon, "Population Dynamics of the Mangrove Clam Polymesoda erosa (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in Iwahig, Palawan, Philippines," Int. J. Fauna Biol. Stud., vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 11–15, 2014.
[10] B. R. D. Harnani, "Kemampuan Avicennia marina dan Avicennia alba Untuk Menurunkan Konsentrasi Tembaga (Cu) di Muara Sungai Wonorejo, Surabaya," 2017.
[11] M. M. Islami, "Pengaruh Suhu dan Salinitas Terhadap Bivalvia," Oseana, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2013.
[12] B. Juandi, "Shellfish Abundance Relationship Sipetang (Pharella acutidens) And Other Macrozoobenthos in Mangrove Forest Dumai Riau University Marine Station," Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 2013.
[13] Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup, "Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 201 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kriteria Baku dan Pedoman Penentuan Kerusakan Mangrove," 2004.
[14] Khairijon, N. Sofiyanti, and Fadli, "Korelasi Antara Kerapatan Avicennia Dengan Karakteristik Sedimen Di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Desa Sungai Rawa Kabupaten Siak, Riau," Prosiding Semirata, pp. 300–309, 2015.
[15] M. Kurniawan, "Jenis dan Kelimpahan Benih Bivalvia di Subzona Intertidal Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Desa Selat Baru, Kabupaten Bengkalis," Skripsi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 2016.
[16] A. Lukmana, "Pola Pertumbuhan Dan Distribusi Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Muara Sungai Tanjung Balai Asahan Sumatera Utara," USU, Sumatera Utara, 2021.
[17] P. Nadeak, Mubarak, and Efriyeldi, "Mangrove Forest Effect on The Coastline in Rangsang Island Riau Province," Asian J. Aquat. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2020.
[18] Ngo and K. L. Quach, "Reproductive Biology of Mud Clam Geloina coaxans in Mangrove Forest of Ca Mau Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam," Int. Conf. Marine Biodiversity of East Asian Seas Proceedings, 2010.
[19] E. P. Odum, Dasar-Dasar Ekologi, T. Samingan, Trans., Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Univ. Press, 1993.
[20] T. Oktaviani, N. Cokrowati, and B. H. Astriana, "Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Spat Kerang Mutiara (Pinctada maxima) dengan Kepadatan Yang Berbeda di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Lombok," Jurnal Kelautan, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 47–55, 2018.
[21] R. M. Siahaan, N. E. Fajri, and Adriman, "Mangrove Density Relationship with Abundance of Bivalva in Sungai Alam Village Bengkalis Sub District Bengkalis Regency Riau Province," JOM, 2014.
[22] P. V. R. Snelgrove et al., "Global Carbon Cycling On A Heterogeneous Seafloor," Trends Ecol. Evol., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 96–105, 2018.
[23] D. K. Steinberg and M. R. Landry, "Zooplankton And The Ocean Carbon Cycle," Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 413–444, 2017.
[24] A. Tanjung, "Biologi dan Ekologi Sipetang (Pharus sp.) Hutan Mangrove Stasiun Kelautan," Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Riau, 2010, 35 hal.
[25] I. Wahyuni, J. S. Indah, and E. Bambang, "Biodiversitas Mollusca (Gastropoda dan Bivalvia) sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan di Kawasan Pesisir Pulau Tunda, Banten," Biodidaktika, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45–56, 2017.
[26] T. Winanto, Memproduksi Benih Kerang Mutiara Seri Agribisnis, Panebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 2004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizki Oktavian, Nabila Afifah Azuga, Sefni Hendris, Irwan Effendi, Azwin Azwin, Edward Bahar (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
